IndiumV3, Chine, Analysis, bibRecord, 000332

A round robin study of polymer solar cells and small modules across China

Identifieur interne : 000332 ( Chine/Analysis ); précédent : 000331; suivant : 000333

A round robin study of polymer solar cells and small modules across China

Auteurs : RBID : Pascal:13-0303901

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Essai interlaboratoire, Cellule solaire organique, Chine, Etat actuel, Revêtement protecteur, Structure flexible, Caractéristique courant tension, Evaluation performance, Ecart type, Précision, Indium.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Accuracy, China, Flexible structure, Indium, Organic solar cells, Performance evaluation, Protective coatings, Round robin test, Standard deviation, State of the art, Voltage current curve.

Abstract

A round robin study across 15 laboratories in China was carried out using single junction devices with an active area of 1 cm² and differently sized small module with an active area of 20 and 24 cm² respectively. The devices represented the state of the art in terms of processing as they did not employ indium or vacuum and were prepared using only printing and coating techniques on flexible substrates. The devices were studied in their flexible form and thus approach the vision of what the polymer solar cell is. The main purpose of the work was to establish and chart geographic and cultural differences in what constitutes a competent IV-characterization procedure and also to establish the spread in measured data across the globe. The main finding is that efficiency data deviated up to 30% from the mean while an overall relative standard deviation of 12% was observed. Collating this spread with previous findings points toward a seemingly region-independent i.e. global observation of the uncertainty in the IV-characterization of a polymer solar cell. Finally, we highlight what might be done to improve the accuracy of the reported data.

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Pascal:13-0303901

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Larsen Olsen, Thue T" uniqKey="Larsen Olsen T">Thue T. Larsen-Olsen</name>
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<author><name>ZHOUWEI GU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, & Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University</s1>
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<author><name>HONGZHENG CHEN</name>
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<author><name>YAO LIU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
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<author><name>PEI CHENG</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
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<author><name>YAN JING</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
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<author><name>HUI LI</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
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<author><name>JIZHENG WANG</name>
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<author><name>JIANHUI HOU</name>
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<author><name>YONGFANG LI</name>
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<author><name>XIAOWEI ZHAN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
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<author><name>JIANG WU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625</s1>
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<author><name>JIAN LIU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625</s1>
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<author><name>ZHIYUAN XIE</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625</s1>
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<author><name>XIAOYAN DU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>National Center for Nanoscience and Technology</s1>
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<author><name>LIMING DING</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>National Center for Nanoscience and Technology</s1>
<s2>Beijing 100190</s2>
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<author><name>CHEN XIE</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue</s1>
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<author><name>RONG ZENG</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue</s1>
<s2>Nanchang 330031</s2>
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<author><name>YIWANG CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue</s1>
<s2>Nanchang 330031</s2>
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<wicri:noRegion>Nanchang 330031</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name>WENWU LI</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</s1>
<s2>Shatin, Hong Kong</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
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</author>
<author><name>TING XIAO</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</s1>
<s2>Shatin, Hong Kong</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>NI ZHAO</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</s1>
<s2>Shatin, Hong Kong</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>FEI CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou Industrial Park</s1>
<s2>Suzhou 215123</s2>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou Industrial Park</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>LIWEI CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou Industrial Park</s1>
<s2>Suzhou 215123</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
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<wicri:noRegion>Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou Industrial Park</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>JUN PENG</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park</s1>
<s2>Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123</s2>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>WANLI MA</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park</s1>
<s2>Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>BIAO XIAO</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology</s1>
<s2>Guangzhou 510640</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>30 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>HONGBIN WU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology</s1>
<s2>Guangzhou 510640</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>30 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>31 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>XIANGJIAN WAN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University</s1>
<s2>Tianjin 300071</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tianjin 300071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>YONGSHEN CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University</s1>
<s2>Tianjin 300071</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tianjin 300071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>RUIBING CHANG</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University</s1>
<s2>Beijing 100875</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>34 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>35 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>CUIHONG LI</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University</s1>
<s2>Beijing 100875</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
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<author><name>ZHISHAN BO</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University</s1>
<s2>Beijing 100875</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>34 aut.</sZ>
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<author><name>BIAN JI</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University</s1>
<s2>Changchun 130012</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>37 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>38 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Changchun</settlement>
<region type="province">Jilin</region>
<region type="groupement">Dongbei</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>WENJING TIAN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University</s1>
<s2>Changchun 130012</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>37 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>38 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Changchun</settlement>
<region type="province">Jilin</region>
<region type="groupement">Dongbei</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>SHUANGHONG CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Key Lab of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
<s2>Hefei, Anhui 230031</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>39 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>40 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>41 aut.</sZ>
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<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Hefei, Anhui 230031</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name>LINHUA HU</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Key Lab of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
<s2>Hefei, Anhui 230031</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>39 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>40 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>41 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Hefei, Anhui 230031</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name>SUNGYUAN DAI</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Key Lab of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
<s2>Hefei, Anhui 230031</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>39 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>40 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>41 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Hefei, Anhui 230031</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krebs, Frederik C" uniqKey="Krebs F">Frederik C. Krebs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399</s1>
<s2>4000 Roskilde</s2>
<s3>DNK</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>42 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Danemark</country>
<wicri:noRegion>4000 Roskilde</wicri:noRegion>
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<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 13-0303901 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:13-0303901</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Repository">001196</idno>
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</publicationStmt>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0927-0248</idno>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Sol. energy mater. sol. cells</title>
<title level="j" type="main">Solar energy materials and solar cells</title>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Accuracy</term>
<term>China</term>
<term>Flexible structure</term>
<term>Indium</term>
<term>Organic solar cells</term>
<term>Performance evaluation</term>
<term>Protective coatings</term>
<term>Round robin test</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>State of the art</term>
<term>Voltage current curve</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Essai interlaboratoire</term>
<term>Cellule solaire organique</term>
<term>Chine</term>
<term>Etat actuel</term>
<term>Revêtement protecteur</term>
<term>Structure flexible</term>
<term>Caractéristique courant tension</term>
<term>Evaluation performance</term>
<term>Ecart type</term>
<term>Précision</term>
<term>Indium</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A round robin study across 15 laboratories in China was carried out using single junction devices with an active area of 1 cm<sup>2</sup>
 and differently sized small module with an active area of 20 and 24 cm<sup>2</sup>
 respectively. The devices represented the state of the art in terms of processing as they did not employ indium or vacuum and were prepared using only printing and coating techniques on flexible substrates. The devices were studied in their flexible form and thus approach the vision of what the polymer solar cell is. The main purpose of the work was to establish and chart geographic and cultural differences in what constitutes a competent IV-characterization procedure and also to establish the spread in measured data across the globe. The main finding is that efficiency data deviated up to 30% from the mean while an overall relative standard deviation of 12% was observed. Collating this spread with previous findings points toward a seemingly region-independent i.e. global observation of the uncertainty in the IV-characterization of a polymer solar cell. Finally, we highlight what might be done to improve the accuracy of the reported data.</div>
</front>
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<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0927-0248</s0>
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<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>A round robin study of polymer solar cells and small modules across China</s1>
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<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>LARSEN-OLSEN (Thue T.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>GEVORGYAN (Suren A.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>SØNDERGAARD (Roar R.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>HÖSEL (Markus)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>ZHOUWEI GU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>HONGZHENG CHEN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>YAO LIU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>PEI CHENG</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>YAN JING</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>HUI LI</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>JIZHENG WANG</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>JIANHUI HOU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>YONGFANG LI</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>XIAOWEI ZHAN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>JIANG WU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="16" i2="1"><s1>JIAN LIU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="17" i2="1"><s1>ZHIYUAN XIE</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="18" i2="1"><s1>XIAOYAN DU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="19" i2="1"><s1>LIMING DING</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="20" i2="1"><s1>CHEN XIE</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="21" i2="1"><s1>RONG ZENG</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="22" i2="1"><s1>YIWANG CHEN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="23" i2="1"><s1>WENWU LI</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="24" i2="1"><s1>TING XIAO</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="25" i2="1"><s1>NI ZHAO</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="26" i2="1"><s1>FEI CHEN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="27" i2="1"><s1>LIWEI CHEN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="28" i2="1"><s1>JUN PENG</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="29" i2="1"><s1>WANLI MA</s1>
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<fA11 i1="30" i2="1"><s1>BIAO XIAO</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="31" i2="1"><s1>HONGBIN WU</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="32" i2="1"><s1>XIANGJIAN WAN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="33" i2="1"><s1>YONGSHEN CHEN</s1>
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<fA11 i1="34" i2="1"><s1>RUIBING CHANG</s1>
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<fA11 i1="35" i2="1"><s1>CUIHONG LI</s1>
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<fA11 i1="36" i2="1"><s1>ZHISHAN BO</s1>
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<fA11 i1="37" i2="1"><s1>BIAN JI</s1>
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<fA11 i1="38" i2="1"><s1>WENJING TIAN</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="39" i2="1"><s1>SHUANGHONG CHEN</s1>
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<fA11 i1="40" i2="1"><s1>LINHUA HU</s1>
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<fA11 i1="41" i2="1"><s1>SUNGYUAN DAI</s1>
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<fA11 i1="42" i2="1"><s1>KREBS (Frederik C.)</s1>
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<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399</s1>
<s2>4000 Roskilde</s2>
<s3>DNK</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>42 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, & Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University</s1>
<s2>Hangzhou 310027</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
<s2>Beijing 100190</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="04"><s1>State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625</s1>
<s2>Changchun 130022</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="05"><s1>National Center for Nanoscience and Technology</s1>
<s2>Beijing 100190</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue</s1>
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<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</s1>
<s2>Shatin, Hong Kong</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="08"><s1>Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou Industrial Park</s1>
<s2>Suzhou 215123</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="09"><s1>Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park</s1>
<s2>Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>29 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology</s1>
<s2>Guangzhou 510640</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>30 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>31 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="11"><s1>Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University</s1>
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<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="12"><s1>College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University</s1>
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<sZ>34 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>35 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
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<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>37 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>38 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="14"><s1>Key Lab of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1>
<s2>Hefei, Anhui 230031</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>39 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>40 aut.</sZ>
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</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>A round robin study across 15 laboratories in China was carried out using single junction devices with an active area of 1 cm<sup>2</sup>
 and differently sized small module with an active area of 20 and 24 cm<sup>2</sup>
 respectively. The devices represented the state of the art in terms of processing as they did not employ indium or vacuum and were prepared using only printing and coating techniques on flexible substrates. The devices were studied in their flexible form and thus approach the vision of what the polymer solar cell is. The main purpose of the work was to establish and chart geographic and cultural differences in what constitutes a competent IV-characterization procedure and also to establish the spread in measured data across the globe. The main finding is that efficiency data deviated up to 30% from the mean while an overall relative standard deviation of 12% was observed. Collating this spread with previous findings points toward a seemingly region-independent i.e. global observation of the uncertainty in the IV-characterization of a polymer solar cell. Finally, we highlight what might be done to improve the accuracy of the reported data.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001D06C02D1</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>230</s0>
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<s5>01</s5>
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<s5>01</s5>
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<s5>02</s5>
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<s5>03</s5>
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<s5>04</s5>
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<s5>04</s5>
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A round robin study of polymer solar cells and small modules across China

A round robin study of polymer solar cells and small modules across China

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